The Validity of Recovered Memories Essay Example for Free

The Validity of Recovered Memories Essay The sudden recovery of repressed memories from a traumatic event such as childhood sexual abuse can be both validating and confusing for clients that are seeking help with various problems. These new memories might be able to help client identify the cause of their feelings and issues that are affecting their life. However for others it can be a very difficult time because of the conflicting emotions about the abuser. Worst of all when dealing with the recovery of repressed memories they may be all together false. The accuracy of recovered memories in regards to sexual abuse is low and can come with significant consequences. These false memories can be very harmful to the client as well as anyone falsely accused of sexual abuse. In the late nineteenth century Sigmund Freud began using the term repression to explain how memories of a traumatic event can be inaccessible for a period of time and then return at a later date sometimes suddenly while during other times slowly developing over a period of time into a more clear memory. It was believed that repressed memories or motivated forgetting was a defense mechanism for people who needed to protect themself from the harmful and painful memories of a traumatic experience (Boag, 2006). More recently repressed memories being recovered about childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has caused more studies to be conducted to determine if the memories being recovered are valid or if false memories are be produced due to the fact that â€Å"human memories are vulnerable to distortion, that illusory memories can be created and therapies designed to recover memories of repressed abuse may inadvertently foster false memories of trauma† (Clancy, Schacter, McNally, Pitman, 2000, p. 26) Some therapist believes that memories that have been repressed can be successfully recovered with therapy and that these memories accurately portray the past events to the extent that legal action can be taken. Some states have even ratified laws to accommodate the recovery of repressed memories so that believed offender of CSA can be prosecuted once the client has recovered their memory of the traumatic event (Partlett Nurcombe, 1998). These memories can be recovered using various therapies such as hypnosis, dream interpretation, guided imagery and truth serum. Many of the therapies used for recovering repressed memories include having the client  in a relaxed state so that the memories can then be recalled more effectively. However a fallacy can occur when trying to help a client recover a repressed memory. If a therapist explains how a type of therapy such as hypnosis is helpful in recovering memories of CSA the client may then remember such instances of abuse simply because th ey believe the therapy works, so it does. ***As with any type of memory recovered memories are also subject to corruption and can vary from partially true to completely false. Recovered memories can be a fabrication of events and details that never actually took place. Because of these false memories being about such extreme information such as CSA an organization called False Memory Foundation was created in 1992 to help those who have been accused of such acts. The foundation will help the accused get in touch with attorneys that specialize in cases regarding repressed and recovered memories (Lein, 1999). For example a women’s recovered memory of being forced to drink blood as a child was later discovered to be nothing more than her drinking from a communion cup as a child. The wine she drank was explained to her as the blood of Christ when going to church and as a child thought the wine to be of real blood. This caused what appeared to be a traumatic memory but turned out to be a memory that was explained easily and while the memory was true the actual act of drinking blood was not (Pope Brown, 1996). At times the memories that are recovered are later found to be true with evidence from an outside source such as collaboration from another family member that was present at the time of the abuse or documentation such as diary’s kept by the abuser. Currently there is not a clear black and white understanding of recovered memories so theses type of therapies will continued to be practiced but should be done so cautiously. Not all memories recovered are false making it difficult for some to decide how they feel about the issue of repressed and recovered memories. I believe that memories can be forgotten and later recalled with prompting from exposure to an outside stimulus that brings the memory to the surface again. However because of the number of ways a memory can be corrupted I am forced to doubt the validity of recovered memories. Without substantiated proof that a memory that has been recovered is true I feel it would be unjust to presume that memory is truly factual, especially when accusation  of CSA can be so traumatic for not only the client but for their family as well. In most cases clients accuse their fathers of the assault which result in disruption of the family and for some court cases (Groman, 2008). The practice of therapist trying to help clients recover repressed memories can become unethical extremely quickly depending on how the therapy progresses. Therapists have been sued and found guilty of implanting false memories (Stocks, 1998). It is important the therapist use open ended questions that allow the client to proceed with the sessions as they see fit rather than using suggestive or leading questions (Holmes, 2006). â€Å"Clients can be asked if they had any experiences in childhood that they found sexually inappropriate, uncomfortable, or frightening† (Pope Brown, 1996, p. 158). However informing a client that their symptoms present in a way that the therapist believes the client has been a victim of CSA is a leading statement and can begin an unethical path to false recovered memories. Participation in survival groups can also cause these false memories of CSA. These memories appear to be real to the client however groups can cause conformity and may be causing false memories in the absence of any real CSA memories to be recovered(Stocks, 1998). Asch (1956) also demonstrated how groups can cause conformity to the point that members will make reports that are inconsistent with observable facts. Also with the therapist being in a position of authority clients can feel the desire to please their therapist and will push them self to remember the tragic memory believed to be repressed in order to satisfy the therapist. Having a therapist in anyway push or persuade a client in to believing that they have repressed memories of CSA or any other repressed memory that needs to be recovered is extremely unethical due to the highly damaging effects this can have on the client’s life. Because of these and other ethical concerns some organizations have decided to create a code of ethics in regards to repressed and recovered memories. This code of ethics gives therapist a place to seek help when ethical dilemmas arise. Giving therapist a variety of choices and steps they can take if presented with such a case (Pettifor, Crozier, Ch ew, 2001). While it is important for people who have either actually repressed a memory of CSA or have been afraid to come forward before that point to have the ability to peruse their offender in court it is also important to remember  the consequences of false memories. When a client recovers a false memory of CSA not only will the client have to deal with the emotions that come with that false memory but they can also become cut off from their family. For some the false memory has become so over whelming that they begin to hurt themselves with suicidal thoughts, self-mutilation, sleep disorders, and nightmares in an attempt to handle the information they have recovered and perceive as true. These symptoms appear to lessen after terminating therapy (Stocks, 1998) Along with the client the accused person must also deal with ramifications of the false memories. The accused can be taken to court and put in jail if found guilty. Because of the lack of imperial data supporting that a significant number of recovered memories are indeed factual I find myself unable to support a therapy that can be so damaging to everyone involved from the client, to therapist and the family of both the client and the therapist. If false memories are produced and legal action is taken against the presumed abuser or the therapist for implanting false memories regardless if it was done purposefully it can cause damaging consequences for all parties involved. References Asch, S. E. (t956). Studies of independence and conformity: 1. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70(9), 1-70. Boag, S. (2006). Freudian repression, the common view, and pathological science. Review of General Psychology, 10(1), 74-86. Clancy, S. A., Schacter, D. L., McNally, R. J., Pitman, R. K. (2000). False recognition in women reporting recovered memories of sexual abuse. Psychological Science, 11(1), 26-31. Gorman, G. (2008). The recovered memory controversy—A new perspective. European Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 8(1), 22-31. Holmes, L. (May 06, 2006). The debate over recovered memories In About.com. Retrieved December 3, 2012, from http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/dissociative/a/dabaterec.htm. Lein, J. (1999). Recovered memories: context and controversy. Social Work, 44(5), 481-484. Partlett, D.F., Nurcombe, B. (1998). Recovered memories of child sexual abuse and liability: Society, Science, and the law in a comparative setting. Psychology, Publice Policy, and Law, 4(4), 1253-1306. Pettifor, J., Crozier, S., Chew, J. (2001). Recovered memories: Ethical Guidelines to Support Professionals. Journal of child Sexual abuse, 10(2), 1. Pope, K. S., Brown, L. S. (1996). Clinical work with people who report recovered memories. In Recovered memories of abuse: Assessment, therapy, forensics (pp. 145-205). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association. Stocks, J.T. (1998). Recovered memory therapy: A dubious practice technique. Social Work, 43(5), 423-436.

History of Vampirism :: Vampire Vampires

"Forgotten through the fabric of space and time are the children of the night" Anonymous. Although the mere sound of vampirism, when uttered in the drenches of the darkest corners of the human soul can spark tepidity and obscurities as to its origins accompanied by the mystifying attraction that compels individuals to adhere to the often times fallacious discernments which the terminology conveys, it is a matter of personal introspection which enables one to really grasp the epistomological aspect of vampirism. Historically, beliefs in vampirism has existed throughout the primordial period, and the superstition behind it was only intensified during the rule of Vlad Dracula. Apparently, it was Vlad the impaler who had anthromorphosized vampirism into the black, blood-lusting seductor as it is portrayed today. Blood is the quin-essential molecule predominantly necessary as the pervious substance that upon transfer from on individual to another possesses the ability to either take life or give life. This is very important symbolistically due to the inherent nature of the substance. Nowadays, with the advent of modern technological advances blood can be defined scientifically as an interstitial fluid that's characteristic of a connective tissue which contained glycoproteins, lipoproteins, oligosaccharides, and conceivably other chains of carbohydrates which are essential to the transport of nutrients and oxygen to and fro --- in order to supply our cells and tissues with adequate amount of nutrition for metabolic and life-sustaining or life-proliferating processes. With the latter known information, it's more than enough detail that can last a lifetime for those individuals interested in becoming hematologists. So to return to the vampiristic misconceptions that society seems to stigmatize with the living undead "nosferatu" bloodsuckers whatever vocabularistic description one seems fit to coin in association with these mythologic creatures. It seems that there's an equivocal understanding of these creatures from the darkness of our hearts. First misconception is to assume that threre exist a race of creatures or subterranean humans known as vampires. To denounce this premise lets suppose that they really do exist. Well if the latter premise is true, and since these creatures are nascent since the beginning of the creation of the earth, then why hasn't there been irrefutable evidence upon the capture and attainment of one of these supposedly thriving creature? It would seem that the only plausible conclusion is that there is no evidence that hints on the existence of such a race of creatures(or heterogenic-humans).

Cultural Destruction Essay

Development of society has forced the Native culture to vanish due to the break their tradition has undergone in the past. The Natives were forced to adapt the white tradition thinking it would benefit them in the long-run. Both â€Å"The Loons† by Margaret Laurence and â€Å"Compatriots† by Emma Lee Warrior portray similar messages about the Natives. The main characters Hilda and Vanessa represent ignorance because of their stereotypical nature towards the culture. However, as Vanessa matures she goes through a realization and understands the sorrow and pain of Piquette and her tradition other than herself. Vanessa’s final understanding of Piquette’s life and culture symbolizes the loons. Both short stories reveal the lack of knowledge and understanding the white society knows about the Natives. The perception that Vanessa classifies Piquette as shows how ignorant and narrow-minded she is as a child. The knowledge young Vanessa has about the Natives are based on stereotypes from her peers, which only consists of their physical appearance and territory. â€Å"It seems to me that Piquette must be in the same way a daughter of the forest, a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds, who might impart me, if I took the right approach, some of the secrets which she undoubtedly knew-where the whirlpool made her nest, how the coyote reared her young, or whatever it was that it said in Hiawatha† (Laurence 112). This description of Native life shows the reader that Vanessa really has no clue what Piquette’s life is like, she may live in a forest but her secrets are dark and deep. Vanessa thinks that if she leaves Piquette with a good first impression then she’d reveal those secrets to her. Young Vanessa most likely picked up this stereotypical opinion from her surroundings, which is seemingly a vision from the white society’s point of view. However, Vanessa’s perspective is limited because she is born as part of the white culture. Due to Piquette constantly brushing Vanessa aside when she attempts to be friendly kills Vanessa’s beliefs to what it means to be a Native. In addition, Hilda as well shows ignorance towards the Natives. Hilda also has an ignorant view of the Native culture. Hilda is anxious to learn about the Indians and their tradition as she follows Lucy around seeking for â€Å"real† Native experiences. She searches for Helmut in hopes of fulfilling her desire to understand the complex history and modern day reconstruction of the Native culture. â€Å"’I want to see him,’ Hilda said, ’I heard about him and I read a book he wrote. He seems to know a lot about the Indians, and he’s been accepted into their religious society. I hope he can tell me things I can take home. People in Germany are really interested in Indians. They even have clubs’† (Warrior 171-172). Hilda believes that Helmut knows a lot of information about the Native’s lifestyle due to the fact that he wrote a book about them and also dresses like them. Her being narrow-minded blocks the true perception of Helmut being phony because the Native’s themselves are not concerned of their own culture. â€Å"Shit, that guy’s just a phony. How could anybody turn into something else? Huh? I don’t think I could turn into a white man if I tried all my life. They wouldn’t let me, so how does that German think he can be an Indian- they’re crazy† (Warrior 174). This statement proves the inequality in our society between the Natives and whites, the option of ethnic change remains both socially and politically acceptable for those with privilege and power only. Although, young Vanessa and Hilda are perceived as ignorant, young Vanessa has an epiphany at the end of the story. As Vanessa matures, she goes through a sudden realization of everything that happened at Diamond Lake during that summer with Piquette. Many things has cause Vanessa’s final understanding of Piquette’s struggles as she recognizes her father’s effort to try to open up her perspective to the bigger world when she was a child, forcing her to leave her boundaries due to Piquette’s stubbornness to express herself. The significance of her father’s effort becomes valuable to Vanessa when she returns to Diamond Lake and sees the changes. â€Å"The small pier which my father had built was gone, and in its place there was a large and solid pier built by the government, for Galloping Mountain was now a national park, and Diamond Lake had been renamed Lake Wapakata, for it was felt that an Indian name would have a greater appeal to tourists† (Laurence 119). The government’s idealization of  the lake shows how their ignorance connects with young Vanessa visualizing of Piquette as the â€Å"daughter of the forest†. Although, Vanessa’s knowledge of Piquette’s life is much clearer, she still doesn’t understand the Native culture. Vanessa also realizes that trying to gain more knowledge and understanding about the Native culture through Piquette won’t get her anywhere because Piquette is as clueless as her. She accepts that her understanding towards the tradition is not going anywhere further than what the white society views it. However, Vanessa acknowledges the effects the white society has done to the Tonnerres’ family and the Natives. Piquette had the mindset of an adult while growing up due to the struggles her family has undergone. â€Å"’The mother’s not there,’ my father replied. ‘She took off a few years back. Can’t say I blame her. Piquette cooks for them, and she says Lazarus would never do anything for himself as long as she’s there† (Laurence 110). The effects of hatred and discrimination they’ve gone through drove them into a dark hole of poverty causing Piquette’s mother to leave, which fully shaped her life. To cease ra cism, she marries a white man to attempt to acquire identity. â€Å"For the merest instant, then, I saw her. I really did see her, for the first and only time in all the years we had both lived in the same town. Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope† (Laurence 117). Piqutte desperately tries to fit in with the white community that constantly rejects her and as a result, Piquette surrenders herself to them by marrying a white man to satisfy her craving to belong in the society. Also, another reason she marries a white man is because she refuses to let her children to go through the same treatment she experienced as a child. However, her husband either left her or she left him, which drove her to alcoholism. Vanessa uses the loons as a symbol to represent the Native culture and Piquette’s life. Vanessa uses the loons’ sadness and disappearance as a metaphor for Piquette’s life. The government destroying the loons’ natural habitat represents the white society invading the Native’s territory. The government spoils the wilderness, the most important thing they should value. â€Å"It seemed to me now that in some unconscious and totally unrecognised way,  Piquette might have been the only one, after all, who had heard the crying of the loons† (Laurence 120). The white society misunderstood Piquette and her culture instead of embracing them. Piqutte is the only one who understood the crying of the loons due to the similar struggle they’re going through. â€Å"Perhaps they had gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not† (Laurence 120). The loons either died or left Diamond Lake trying to find another place to fulfill their needs because they’re forced to leave the society by ignorant people, just like Piquette and the Natives. In conclusion, the Native culture in today’s society is scattered due to the destruction the culture experienced in the past. The white culture thought it was a good idea to get rid of the Natives thinking it’ll help them, but in reality it just made many lives miserable. People are trying to revive the culture by learning about the tradition, but since it wasn’t passed down to generations, people only practice the information they think they know.

Jamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music...

Jamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music Introduction Creole languages are found all over the world on every continent. When two or more languages come into contact to form a new language a Creole language is born. Some type of human upheaval that forces people to find a way to communicate, without using their own languages, stimulates the creation of a Creole language. In the case of Creole languages in the Caribbean, the upheaval is the past history of slavery. Most Creole languages are based on one language. In Jamaica the African slaves were thrown into a situation where the only common means of communication was English, or at least broken English, therefor Jamaican Creole has a majority of its roots in†¦show more content†¦Language in Jamaica today reflects the history of the country’s interaction with a variety of cultures and languages from many ethnic, linguistic, and social backgrounds. Aside from the Arawaks, the original inhabitants of Jamaica, all people were exiles or children of exiles. Over 90% of the 2.5 million people living in Jamaica today are descendants of slaves brought from western Africa by the British. The local Jamaican language is a reflection of a history of contact with a variety of speakers, but the official language remains to be Standard English (Pryce, 1997). The most influential speakers were immigrants from Africa and Europe. Kwa, Manding, and Kru are amongst the variety of prominent African languages apparent in Jamaican history. Early Modern English was brought to the Caribbean by sailors, soldiers, indentured servants, convicts, and settlers (lower-class whites) in the form of regional and non-standard dialects. For the most part Early Modern English was highly conservative (Lalla and D’Costa, 1989). Today in Jamaica, Jamaican patois falls at one extreme of the linguistic spectrum while Standard English lies at the other end of the spectrum. The majority of the population falls in between the two (Adams, 1991). At one end there is the educated modelShow MoreRelatedEssay about Jamaican Patois4705 Words   |  19 PagesJamaican Patois Jamaican Patois, otherwise known as Patwa, Afro. Jamaican, just plain Jamaican or, Creole, is a language that has been until quite recently referred to asungrammatical English.(Adams, 199 1, p . I 1) Creole languages are actually not unique to Jamaica, they are found on every continent although their speakers often do not realize what they are. The rest of the terms refer strictly to Jamaican Creole. Creoles are languages that usually form as the result of some human upheavalRead MoreDub Poetry in and from Jamaica9895 Words   |  40 PagesDevelopment of Dub Poetry 3 2.1 The Development of Jamaican Creole – Short Overview 3 2.2 The Oral Tradition 4 2.3 From the B-side of a Record via â€Å"Toasting† to Dub Poetry 6 3 The Correlation of the Rastafarians, Reggae and Dub 9 3.1 The Rastafarians 9 3.2 The Peculiarity of Dub 10 3.3 Artists and Scenes 12 3.3.1 The Jamaican Scene 12 3.3.2 The British Scene 13 3.3.3 The Canadian Scene 14 4. Structural Characteristics of Dub Poetry 15 4.1 Patois – the Language 15 4.2 Rhythm 15 4.3 Performance 17 5 LinguisticRead MoreEssay on Hip-hop, Reggae, and Politics5105 Words   |  21 PagesHip-hop, Reggae, and Politics Introduction Music is an art form and source of power. Many forms of music reflect culture and society, as well as, containing political content and social message. Music as social change has been highlighted throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s the United States saw political and socially oriented folk music discussing the Vietnam War and other social issues. In Jamaica during the 1970s and 1980s reggae developed out of the Ghetto’s of Trench town andRead More Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 PagesDiscontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. It is a form of mass communication thatspeaks directly to society as a cultural form, and often reflects a collection and pattern of personal experiences (King 19). Music is so influential because it communicates on three different levels: the physical, emotional, and cognitive. Not only does it operate in a nondiscursive way, byRead MoreJamaica1187 Words   |  5 Pagesto its evolving knowledge in regards to solar power. We have witnessed a progress in efforts concerning access to a more efficient and safe means of solar energy. The United States is our home land and initiatives of sharing our knowledge abroad have been encouraged through the idea of globalizing our product. Jamaica’s representation as our host country is due in part to its yearning desire to attract more foreign investment. Since 1998, the Jamaican government has liberated its market in hopesRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesemergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fullyRead MoreIs Linton Kwesi Johnson A Modern Classic English Poet?1934 Words   |  8 PagesIs Linton Kwesi Johnson a Modern Classic English poet? Introduction Paragraph 1: â€Å"The last time Linton Kwesi Johnson was honoured in Britain, he made front-page news. When one broadsheet announced that the ‘reggae radical’ had become the second living poet – and the only black one – to be published in the Penguin Modern Classic Series, alongside the likes of Yeats †¦ the outrage in some quarters was instant. One academic complained that the publishers were ‘messing with the canon’.† (Morrison 2012)Read MoreConstructing My Cultural Identity6012 Words   |  25 Pagesnoir, ainsi que sur la pensà ©e anticoloniale. Introduction The purpose of this article is to examine the forces that have shaped my identity as a child of the African diaspora, first growing up in the Caribbean and then the encounter between my Jamaican culture and the Canadian cultural context. I attempt to address the following questions: How has my identity been formed? What parts of my life have been honored, and what parts are excluded and why? How does society view me versus my own definition

Intra Group and Intergroup Processes - 2069 Words

The Application of Intergroup Relations to the Case of Ritual Fight Involving New British Marine Recruits Teams and work groups function in organizational and interdependent relationship settings. These organizational groups are interdependent as they function to fulfil the goals of the whole organization. Groups rely on each other to gain valuable information necessary for their operation. In business, the marketing department may depend on the production to reach out for more market, whereas the production department may depend on the marketing to moderate in production. Intra group relationships take on similar processes, but apply within the group. Group members form bonds for interdependent reliance individual. Group favoritism is†¦show more content†¦The definition takes into account cases involving two people interacting, and not necessarily many people in a situation. The premise of concern in this case is that the two portray action in line with their group. We often bring together various intergroup relations features like group favoritism, prejudice, identification, and out group derogation. These are actually different empirically, and their associated theoretical traditions are different. Brown (1998) identifies three types of in group favoritism. The first type is the ‘we are good’ perception where the in group is valued highly while the out-group is neutrally regarded. The second type is a form of intergroup differentiation where there is an in-group enhancement and at the same time some mild out group derogation. In the third type there is some in-group preference that is not well pronounced, but clearly evident out-group derogation. Members view other groups as ‘bad’, but do not necessarily perceive themselves as ‘good’ (Brown, 1998). Situations of favoritism could be an impediment to intergroup relations because they could highly cause intergroup conflict. This could further affect the functions of an organization negatively in two ways. First, groups may be drawn into intergroup competition to such an extent that conflict solutions, whichShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology -Inter/Intra Group Dynamics1051 Words   |  5 Pagesand show how it relates to current literature and research on inter-and/or intra-group dynamics Intergroup conflict One determinant of intergroup conflict is the desire on the part of group member to gain positive outcomes for themselves and for their group Competition can increase intergroup conflict Intergroup conflict exaggerated * results of in-group favourtism * favour own group over others intergroup conflict (created in summer camp) frequently begins with some form of realisticRead MoreTajfel And Turner Social Identity Theory1462 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of intergroup relations. The emphasis the complex â€Å"interweaving of an individual or interpersonal behavior with contextual social processes of intergroup conflict† (p.276). Social identity theory, thus emphasizes intergroup relations (the relationship an individual has with his group and between an outgroup) and categorical distinction (what sets an individual apart from another outgroup). Korostelina describes this as â€Å"the processes of identification with other group members† (p.23)Read MoreSocial Psychology And Its Impact On Individual Behavior1262 Words   |  6 Pagesconsiderations. Central themes Three central themes are apparent in social psychology research. These themes are group influence, subjectism, and non-obvious experimental demonstrations. Studies of power of group on individual behavior dominated in the early days of social psychology research. Researchers recognized that both explicit and implicit group norms are important. Moreover, reference groups serve as a source of norms and are closely associated with a degree of satisfaction with individual lifeRead MoreIndividual Reflection Paper on Your 5020 Group Experience4784 Words   |  20 PagesIndividual Reflection Paper on Your 5020 Group Experience Introduction This reflection paper is a compilation of what Group or Team C, experience during the execution of the Group Project Paper on Goal Setting in Organizations within Burger King Corporation. The paper covers important topics such as how the group was formed, leadership, the evolution of the group/team over the term, group/team dynamics, group structure, team communication and Intergroup/intra-group conflict. This paper connects theRead MoreBusiness Functions And Functions Of An Organization Essay936 Words   |  4 Pages2) Organisation of the three-dimensional matrix Business functions (dark grey lines) It refers to the outward directed activity systems of an organisation as business functions. In the management literature they are often referred to as business processes or throughput functions. The business functions are concerned with the provision of goods and services to the external customers of the organisation. They express the main purpose of the organisation, why the business exists. Some organisations haveRead MoreSocial Psychology And Social Justice1322 Words   |  6 Pagesare related social equality are continuing to be relevant today. A challenging aspect of this topic is a lack of consensus among scholars with regards to its definition. Moreover, understandings of social justice require integration of individual, group, and system level insights. Holding a balance between subjective and objective experiences with respect to what construed as just is essential. Understandings gained from research would assist researchers to identify obstacles to fair community includ ingRead MoreHow Delegation Is Important For The Development And Efficiency Of An Organization Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesmotivates worker and enables the proper utilisation of resources. It will provide workers motivation and inspiration to stay with in a group. Team participation can be implemented by conducting meeting, workshops, memos and suggestions. In order to attain maximum team participation ,there should be clear idea about the goal to achieved. Make everyone in the group a leader, which means valuing every ones thoughts. http://www.ittoolkit.com/how-to-it/projects/team-participation.html 4) Modern conceptRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Cognitive Theory of Stereotyping.3286 Words   |  14 Pagestowards members of a group on account of their membership to that group. This definition implies that stereotyping is primarily a group process, through the individuals psyches within that group. A further idea of stereotyping, defined by Allport (1954) as thinking ill of others without warrant, is that people make their mind up without any personal experience. This pre judgement about a whole group is then transferred to the stigmatisation of any individuals in that group. It is these ideasRead MoreWhy Are Identities Relevant?4487 Words   |  18 PagesThey want to define and establish the concept of the â€Å"People of Europe (Council 1987, 22).† This has been a task that many political systems have tried to accomplish through history. A common way of creating identities is through social or cultural processes. Some nations created folkloric tales about their creat ion, others created a national anthem, and others enforced a national identity through their education. I define identity as the feeling of belonging to a community based on shared experiencesRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace5680 Words   |  23 Pagesresources to a variety of other diversity-related initiatives, including dedicated diversity management staffs and workplace programs and benefits such as flexible work arrangements, domestic partner benefits, corporate-sponsored employee affinity groups, and other programs de- signed to attract and retain a diverse workforce (Corporate Leadership Council, 2003). Demographic shifts have occurred due to the guidelines in diversity, but this matter isn’t all about surface level diversity any longer

Carl Jung s Theory Of One s Personality - 898 Words

Who We Are Everyone in the world grows up asking the same question, who am I? Personality is what defines this answer to this question. Fortunately, there are people like psychiatrist Carl Jung and psychologist Howard Gardner who have given insights and the means of finding out how to answer this age old question. Jung’s theory of one’s personality is based on four coupled traits that can vary 16 different ways. These 8 traits, extroversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving, make up the essence of who someone is supposed to be (Jung, 1971), unlike Gardner’s’ theory of 8 intelligences, language smart, math smart, visual smart, body smart, music smart, people smart, self-smart and nature smart (Gardner, 2009), replacing one singular intelligence. Gardner explains these smart components make up a personality. Because of having these personality insights and building blocks, one can describe their own strengths o f traits, compare similarities or differences with others and explain why these similarities or differences are important to understand. The first step is to identify my own personality and what my strengths are. I took Jung’s personality test and my results are that I am ISFJ, 47% introvert, 38% sensing, 9% feeling and 25% judging. I do agree with the introvert assessment as I tend to want to do things on my own. I am the most creative during the middle of the night while I am alone in my thoughts. I didShow MoreRelatedCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousnessRead MoreThe First Layer Of The Unconscious1570 Words   |  7 Pageslayer of Carl Jung was also called the personal unconscious is basically the same as Freud’s kind of the unconscious. The particular unconscious has temporality elapsed information and well as repressed retentions. Jung (1933) outlined an important article of the personal unconscious called complexes. A complex is a collection of opinions, moods, attitudes and memories that focus on a particular idea. The more elements attached to the complex, the greater its effect on the individual. Jung also saidRead MoreCritique Of Carl Jung s Theory Of The Collective Unconscious1103 Words   |  5 PagesCritique 3- Discussion of Carl Jung Discuss the Analytical Theory of Carl Jung. Do not complete a Theory Template for this theorist. Instead complete the following discussion questions: 1. Explain the Jungian concept of the collective unconscious. Ans: Among Jung s numerous hypotheses is the collective unconscious. The collective unconscious has been portrayed as the storage facility of inactive memory follows acquired from the past that incline individuals to respond to the world in specificRead MoreSociological Perspective On Psychology : Psychodynamic Psychology1067 Words   |  5 PagesSummarize Major Historical Perspective in Psychology Essay Psychodynamic Perspective- There is four major perspectives in psychology: Psychodynamic, Behaviorism, Humanistic, and Cognitive. Each theory represents a psychology approach to unlock the human mind. A psychology approach is known as a perspective; today there are many different approaches in psychology that contain specified beliefs about the mind and Human Behavior. Individually each perspective is different they have their strong pointsRead MoreRunning Head : Personality Preferences1189 Words   |  5 Pageshead: PERSONALITY PREFERENCES 1 PERSONALITY PREFERENCES 8 Personality Preferences Margarita Rodriguez Millers College of Nursing Carl Jung Carl Jung whom was born in Kesswil, Switzerland on July 26, 1875 became a famous psychiatrist that founded the school of analytical psychology. Analyzing his introverted and extroverted personality helped him developed the two personality concepts including archetypes and collective unconsciousness. While analyzing the different personalities he beganRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1019 Words   |  5 Pagesnot like you at all? It’s ironic how a person personality is shaped. Personality is included in basically everyday life. Personality defines a person. Personality is like a big stew mixed with emotions, behaviors, and patterns of thought that truly define a person. Personality Psychology is the study of these different patterns among a group of people or culture. The studies of psychology started from Hippocrates’ theory that argues that personality traits are based on four different sections. ThisRead MoreWhat I Think About The World Of Personalities Has Been Remarkably Interesting?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesthe first thing you think of when someone says the word personality? Do you think along the lines of birth order or someone being outgoing or shy? Those are both normal thoughts of what personalities are. Always I would immediately think of the four temperaments. In my research I plan to prove that personalities come in different temperaments known as choleric, melancholy, sanguine, and phlegmatic. I will be explaining and talking about each one; Where they came from, how they are different, similarRead MoreThe Influences Of C. G. Jung1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences of C. G. Jung Carl Gustav Jung II was a psychiatrist whose theories of the mind challenged the existing dogma. His works with human cognition, the basic structure of the psyche, and association experiments are widely known today in the form of the concepts of the introvert and the extrovert, psychological archetypes, and basic tests of word association. Although many basic principles of psychology today are based upon his original discoveries and theories, they were not conceivedRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of The Mind Challenged The Existing Dogma1533 Words   |  7 PagesCarl Gustav Jung II was a psychiatrist whose theories of the mind challenged the existing dogma. His works with human cognition, the basic structure of the psyche, and association experiments are widely known today in the form of the concepts of the introvert and the extrovert, psychological archetypes, and basic tests of word association. Although many basic principles of psychology today are based upon his original discoverie s and theories, they were not conceived without external insight. SocialRead MoreBriggs Myers Personality Type - Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Human Resources Briggs Myer’s Personality Type TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 I. What is the Briggs Myer’s Personality Type test? 4 II. BMPT in today’s mission of Human Resources 5 Conclusion 7 Recommendations 7 Bibliography 8 Websites 8 Books 8 Introduction â€Å"What appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities† Carl G. Jung (1875 - 1961) Psychiatrist Myers Briggs

Issues Associated With Mental Health-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: 1.What form does Stigmatization of Mental Health Issues take here? Give examples. 2.Are there Positive representations of Mental Health and Mental Health Care in our Culture? If so, give examples. 3.What can be done to Challenge Stigma around Mental Health? What can Individuals do? What can Communities do? Answers: 1.Mental health is highly stigmatized in various countries particularly in poor and war torn countries like Africa, Syria and India. In West Africa mental disorders are considered a form of witchcraft or black magic. People with mental illnesses are abandoned by their families. They consider mental illness to be a form of bewitchment. The families abandon the person with mental illness in the prayer centers, which are abundant in the country. The individuals are chained to trees or rocks and they are forced to fast. According to them, God can heal them and prayer is the only form of treatment. They have no food and shelter and suffer from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, among others. Syria is a war torn country, where people see their families get killed as a result of bombings. This affects their mental health, particularly the children. They suffer from depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The children have aggressive behavior, take up drugs, join gangs, drifts tow ards crime and violence and inflict self-harm upon them. In India, people with mental illness are abandoned by families and they end up in streets, where they suffer various forms of abuses. People remain chained in hospitals and this had caused the death of a number of patients when the hospital caught fire. The patients died in the fire as there were no one to unchain them. Mental illness is considered as witchcraft and possessed by spirits. 2.In Ontario, Canada, the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI), reports newsletters dealing with busting of social stigmas associated with mental health. Mental illnesses are depicted in a positive light and positive portrayals are highlighted. Magazines focus on depressions and reports the the personal struggles of individuals who have successfully battled various mental illnesses like depression. They also encourage the public to end discrimination and stigma associated with mental illness. Various films and television shows are created, where the characters deal with mental illness but they overcome their problems with the help of medication and therapy. Medical health providers carry out counseling sessions and educational system helps the students in coping with their illness and encourages them to achieve their educational goals. 3.Education and awareness are the most important tools to fight against stigma centered on mental health. Individuals can take initiatives to develop medical centers, where medication and counseling is provided. Moreover, children suffering from depression are subjected to various healing programs like art therapy and visualizations, which helps them to visualize a comforting and safe place. Communities can carry out education programs and awareness campaigns to educate the common people about mental illness. Healthcare providers can collaborate with non-Government Organizations (NGOs) to carry out free counseling for poor people on the streets. Moreover, volunteers can go to each and every house and provide intervention strategies like art and music therapies and exercises for individuals suffering from mental illness. Communities can be encouraged to provide safety, food and shelter for people who have been abandoned by families as a result of their mental condition. Doctors can collaborate with traditional healers to provide the best possible care to the patients. Lastly, employment can secure the lives of people coping with mental disorders.